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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punem | om puno |
| 2SG: | punet | ot puno |
| 3SG: | puna | ok/ogeʃ puno |
| 1PL: | punena | ona/ogəna puno |
| 2PL: | puneda | oda/ogəda puno |
| 3PL: | punat | ogət puno |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punəʃəm | ʃəm puno |
| 2SG: | punəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ puno |
| 3SG: | punəʃ | əʃ puno |
| 1PL: | punəʃna | əʃna puno |
| 2PL: | punəʃda | əʃda puno |
| 3PL: | punəʃt | əʃt puno |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punenam | punen oməl |
| 2SG: | punenat | punen otəl |
| 3SG: | punen | punen ogəl |
| 1PL: | punenːa | punen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | punenda | punen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | punenət | punen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punem əʎe | om puno əʎe |
| 2SG: | punet əʎe | ot puno əʎe |
| 3SG: | puna əʎe | ok/ogeʃ puno əʎe |
| 1PL: | punena əʎe | ona/ogəna puno əʎe |
| 2PL: | puneda əʎe | oda/ogəda puno əʎe |
| 3PL: | punat əʎe | ogət puno əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punem ulmaʃ | om puno ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | punet ulmaʃ | ot puno ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | puna ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ puno ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | punena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna puno ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | puneda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda puno ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | punat ulmaʃ | ogət puno ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punenam əʎe | punen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | punenat əʎe | punen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | punen əʎe | punen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | punenːa əʎe | punen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | punenda əʎe | punen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | punen əʎe | punen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punenam ulmaʃ | punen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | punenat ulmaʃ | punen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | punen ulmaʃ | punen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | punenːa ulmaʃ | punen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | punenda ulmaʃ | punen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | punen ulmaʃ | punen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | puno | it puno |
| 3SG: | punəʒo | ənʒe puno |
| 1PL: | (punena) | (ona/ogəna puno) |
| 2PL: | punəza | ida puno |
| 3PL: | punəʃt | ənəʃt puno |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punənem | ənem puno |
| 2SG: | punənet | ənet puno |
| 3SG: | punəneʒe | əneʒ puno |
| 1PL: | punənena | ənena puno |
| 2PL: | punəneda | əneda puno |
| 3PL: | punəneʃt | əneʃt puno |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | punənem əʎe | ənem puno əʎe |
| 2SG: | punənena əʎe | ənet puno əʎe |
| 3SG: | punəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ puno əʎe |
| 1PL: | punənena əʎe | ənena puno əʎe |
| 2PL: | punəneda əʎe | əneda puno əʎe |
| 3PL: | punəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt puno əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | punənet ulmaʃ | ənet puno ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | punəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ puno ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | punəneda ulmaʃ | əneda puno ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | punəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt puno ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | punaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | punəman |
| Active participle: | punəʃo |
| Passive participle: | punəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | punəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | punədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | punen |
| Negative gerund: | punəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | punəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | punəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | punəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | punəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | punədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||